nginx作为web server，是最常用的网络服务器。来看下它的配置文件。

实验1：最基础的配置（可访问静态资源）

包括listen，server_name，root，index，access_log, error_log

server {    listen 80;     server_name lww.demo.com;    root /home/luwenwei/dev/project/demo.com;    index index.html;    access_log /data/nginx/logs/lww.access.log;    error_log /data/nginx/logs/lww.error.log;}

创建项目文件夹：mkdir /home/luwenwei/dev/project/demo.com

创建文件：index.html

然后启动nginx：service nginx start

访问网站：curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/index.html，可以看到文件中的内容。

解释：

listen：监听端口，默认是80

server_name：项目的域名

root：项目根目录

index：项目默认访问地址，访问: http://server_name/会自动路由到index配置的文件

access_log和error_log：访问日志和错误日志

实验2：直接返回http_code和body内容

location /200 {        return 200 "I am env\n";    }       location /500 {        return 500 "I am 500 page\n";    }

再实验1的基础上加上两个配置。

测试访问：curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/200 -v

输出：

*   Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)> GET /200 HTTP/1.1> Host: lww.demo.com> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0> Accept: */*> < HTTP/1.1 200 OK< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:35:22 GMT< Content-Type: application/octet-stream< Content-Length: 9< Connection: keep-alive< I am env* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

可以看到输出的http_code和body内容和我们设置的一致，符合预期。

访问测试：curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/500 -v

*   Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)> GET /500 HTTP/1.1> Host: lww.demo.com> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0> Accept: */*> < HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:36:25 GMT< Content-Type: application/octet-stream< Content-Length: 14< Connection: keep-alive< I am 500 page* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

可以看到输出的内容，http_code=500，和我们设置的一致，符合预期。

一定要注意这里有location的语法，如果直接全部匹配，使用：location /URI即可。

 实验3：rewrite

location /304 {        rewrite /304 /200 last;    }

rewrite的语法：rewrite <regex> <replacement> <flag>

rewrite更多的语法可以参见：https://www.cnblogs.com/czlun/articles/7010604.html

flat: break, last, redirect, permanent

测试：

$ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v*   Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)> GET /304 HTTP/1.1> Host: lww.demo.com> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0> Accept: */*> < HTTP/1.1 200 OK< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:43:27 GMT< Content-Type: application/octet-stream< Content-Length: 9< Connection: keep-alive< I am env* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

 接下来看下，不同的<flag>下，同一个访问请求的响应结果。

     
      $ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v*   Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)> GET /304 HTTP/1.1> Host: lww.demo.com> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0> Accept: */*> < HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:48:08 GMT< Content-Type: text/html< Content-Length: 178< Connection: keep-alive< 
      
      
       
404 Not Found
      
      
      
       nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
      * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
      
       $ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v*   Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)> GET /304 HTTP/1.1> Host: lww.demo.com> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0> Accept: */*> < HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:48:49 GMT< Content-Type: text/html< Content-Length: 170< Location: http://lww.demo.com/200< Connection: keep-alive< 
       
       
        
302 Found
       
       
       
        nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
       * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
       
        $ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v*   Trying 127.0.0.1...* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)> GET /304 HTTP/1.1> Host: lww.demo.com> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0> Accept: */*> < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:49:22 GMT< Content-Type: text/html< Content-Length: 194< Location: http://lww.demo.com/200< Connection: keep-alive< 
        
        
         
301 Moved Permanently
        
        
        
         nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
        * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
       
      
     

需要注意的是，redirect和permanent两者结果类似。

redirect：#返回302临时重定向，以及Location的header，浏览器地址会显示跳转后的URL地址

permanent：#返回301永久重定向，以及Location的header，浏览器地址栏会显示跳转后的URL地址